What is 'Controlled Flight Into Terrain' (CFIT)?

'Controlled Flight Into Terrain' (CFIT) refers to a situation where an aircraft, under the control of the pilot, inadvertently flies into the ground, water, or obstacles. This type of accident can occur even when the aircraft is functioning normally, making it particularly insidious and often preventable through situational awareness and proper training.

CFIT incidents typically happen when pilots are not aware of their proximity to the terrain, which can be exacerbated by factors such as poor visibility, loss of situational awareness, or mismanagement of altitude during flight. The term emphasizes the distinction between an equipment malfunction and the pilot’s control over the aircraft, highlighting the critical importance of maintaining awareness of the aircraft's environment.

In contrast, other options provided involve direct malfunctions or controlled situations that do not accurately describe the nature of CFIT incidents. Understanding CFIT is crucial for enhancing safety measures and training programs to prevent such accidents.